Celery is an important leafy vegetable crop in umbelliferae family, which has abundant nutrients and medicinal value. Its wide distribution area, with a special smell, by the vast number of consumers love, has important economic and edible value. Celery seed is small, its outer leather is leathery, contains volatile oil, contains a lot of flavonoids in the seed, germination is slow and irregular, which has a great impact on celery production.
Sodium hypochlorite is a kind of disinfectant with low toxicity. Proper concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution can improve the germination rate of some seeds.
According to the thesis of Qiu Liang, master of Nanjing Agricultural University, the research results showed that 5% concentration of sodium hypochlorite can promote the growth of celery seeds.
The sterilization principle of sodium hypochlorite as a seed disinfectant is to release active chloride ions, which combine with the amino group in the protein to inactivate the bacterial protein, thus killing bacteria. After treating seeds with sodium hypochlorite, it can be naturally degraded, harmless to plants and people, and will not pollute the environment. Compared with mercury chloride, it is a safer surface sterilization agent. Sodium hypochlorite solution is unstable, and its effective chlorine content will gradually decrease with the increase of storage time, so it should be used now.
Plant materials: Celery seeds were treated with sodium hypochlorite solution with working concentrations of 0.5%, 10%, 20% and 40%, respectively. Celery seeds were soaked in different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 min, and then washed with deionized water for 3-5 times to wash the residual sodium hypochlorite solution. Some celery seeds were sown in a petri dish and placed in a light incubator with a light intensity of 300μmol.m-².s-¹, photcycle of 12h /12h(light/dark), and temperature of 25℃/20℃(light/dark). The other part of the seeds were seeded in the hole tray and placed in the artificial climate chamber of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Nanjing Agricultural University. The light intensity was 300μmol.m-².s-¹, the photcycle was 12h/12h(light/dark), and the temperature was 25 ℃/18 ℃(light/dark). The root activity, soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content of celery seedlings were measured from the roots and leaves of celery seedlings grown in petri dish for 20 days and in hole dish for 20 days, 40 days and 60 days.
Methods: The reduction intensity of tetrazolium was used to reflect the root activity of celery seed seedlings treated with different concentrations of NACLO solution.As can be seen from the figure below, after a certain period of growth and accumulation of celery seeds soaked in different concentrations of NACLO solution, there were significant differences in root activity of celery seedlings.
The root activity of 20-day celery seedlings cultured in petri dishes was the strongest after the seeds were treated with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The root activity of ‘celery variety 2’ cultured in the pot tray at 20 days and 60 days showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of sodium hypochlorite solution concentration of treated seeds, and reached the highest value when the sodium hypochlorite solution concentration was 5%. The root activity of 40-day celery seedlings was stronger when they were treated with 5% and 20% sodium hypochlorite solution, while the root activity of celery seedlings at the 3 stages was weaker when the seeds of ‘celery variety 2’ were treated with 40% sodium hypochlorite solution.
Conclusion:
1. Sodium hypochlorite has a good disinfection effect on celery seeds, which can prevent celery seeds from mildew and promote their germination. Pretreatment with sodium hypochlorite solution could partially remove flavonoid substances that inhibited seed germination, thus increasing the germination rate of celery seeds. Celery seeds cultured in petri dishes began to germinate on the 6th day, and cotyledon unfolded on the 10th day. The celery seeds cultured in the pot tray began to germinate in about 8 days, and the cotyledon unfolded in about 12 days. 5% sodium hypochlorite solution could promote germination and 40% sodium hypochlorite solution could inhibit germination.
2. Celery seeds of “Variety 1” and “variety 2” treated with sodium hypochlorite solution of different concentrations were germinated and grown, and the growth indexes of seedlings cultured in petri dish and hole dish for 20 days were measured. The results showed that the growth of seedlings was optimal when the concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution was 5%. The seedling indexes of seedlings cultured for 40 days and 60 days were measured, and the highest values of seedling indexes and seedling indexes were found at 5% sodium hypochlorite level.
3. After germination and growth of celery seeds of ‘variety 1’ and ‘variety 2’ treated with sodium hypochlorite solution of different concentrations, the root activity of seedlings cultured in petri dishes for 20 days and in hole plates for 20 days, 40 days and 60 days was measured. The contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll in the leaves of seedlings cultured at three stages (20 days, 40 days and 60 days) were measured. The expression levels of genes related to soluble sugar synthesis and chlorophyll metabolism in seedling leaves were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.
The results showed thatthe celery seeds treated with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution had stronger root vitality and higher leaf soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content in the three stages of germination. The key gene expression levels of soluble sugar synthesis and chlorophyll metabolism were higher at 5% seed concentration than control.In summary, 5% sodium hypochlorite is the best concentration for celery seeds.
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